Stream Utilities

confused-ai/models exports a set of helpers for AsyncIterable<StreamDelta> streams produced by model providers. These utilities are low-level building blocks for buffering, filtering, merging, and piping provider output to HTTP responses.

import {
  streamToText,
  streamToChunks,
  streamToSSE,
  streamWithBudget,
  streamTee,
  streamMap,
  streamFilter,
  streamMerge,
  streamToNodeCallback,
} from 'confused-ai/models';

---

StreamDelta

All stream utilities operate on AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>:

type StreamDelta =
  | { type: 'text'; text: string }
  | { type: 'tool_call'; id: string; name: string; argsDelta: string };

---

streamToText()

Buffer an entire stream into one string. Tool-call deltas are ignored.

import { streamToText } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'Petals fall softly ' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'through the morning light.' } as const;
}

const text = await streamToText(demoStream());
console.log(text); // "Petals fall softly through the morning light."

---

streamToChunks()

Collect just the text segments from a stream while preserving chunk boundaries.

import { streamToChunks } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'alpha ' } as const;
  yield { type: 'tool_call', id: 'tool-1', name: 'search', argsDelta: '{"q":"beta"}' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'gamma' } as const;
}

const chunks = await streamToChunks(demoStream());
console.log(chunks); // ['alpha ', 'gamma']

---

streamToSSE()

Pipe a provider stream directly to a Node HTTP response as Server-Sent Events.

import { createServer } from 'node:http';
import { streamToSSE } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'Hello' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: ' world' } as const;
}

const server = createServer(async (_req, res) => {
  await streamToSSE(demoStream(), res, { keepAliveMs: 0 });
});

server.listen(3000);

SSE format

streamToSSE() writes events like:

event: text
data: {"text":"Hello"}

event: done
data: {}

---

streamWithBudget()

Stop yielding deltas after an approximate token budget is reached.

import { streamWithBudget } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'A short sentence.' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: ' Another sentence that may exceed the budget.' } as const;
}

const budgetedStream = streamWithBudget(demoStream(), {
  maxTokens: 5,
  onBudgetExceeded: (used) => console.warn(`Budget exceeded at ~${used} tokens`),
});

for await (const chunk of budgetedStream) {
  if (chunk.type === 'text') process.stdout.write(chunk.text);
}

---

streamTee()

Duplicate one stream into two independent consumers.

import { streamTee, streamToText } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'Explain ' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'quantum entanglement.' } as const;
}

const [displayStream, saveStream] = streamTee(demoStream());

void (async () => {
  for await (const chunk of displayStream) {
    if (chunk.type === 'text') process.stdout.write(chunk.text);
  }
})();

void (async () => {
  const fullText = await streamToText(saveStream);
  console.log(fullText);
})();

Backpressure

streamTee buffers chunks internally when one consumer is slower than the other. For very long streams, prefer streamToText on one branch and process the other in real-time.

---

streamMap()

Transform each delta without buffering the entire stream.

import { streamMap, streamToText } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'hello ' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'world' } as const;
}

const uppercaseStream = streamMap(demoStream(), async (delta) => {
  if (delta.type !== 'text') return delta;
  return { ...delta, text: delta.text.toUpperCase() };
});

console.log(await streamToText(uppercaseStream)); // "HELLO WORLD"

---

streamFilter()

Drop chunks that don't satisfy a predicate:

import { streamFilter, streamToText } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'visible ' } as const;
  yield { type: 'tool_call', id: 'tool-1', name: 'search', argsDelta: '{"q":"hidden"}' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'text' } as const;
}

const textOnly = streamFilter(demoStream(), (delta) => delta.type === 'text');
console.log(await streamToText(textOnly)); // "visible text"

---

streamMerge()

Merge multiple concurrent streams into one stream. Deltas are yielded as they arrive.

import { streamMerge } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* streamA() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'A1 ' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'A2 ' } as const;
}

async function* streamB() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'B1 ' } as const;
}

for await (const chunk of streamMerge([streamA(), streamB()])) {
  if (chunk.type === 'text') process.stdout.write(chunk.text);
}

---

streamToNodeCallback()

Adapt an AsyncIterable<StreamDelta> to a Node-style callback.

import { streamToNodeCallback } from 'confused-ai/models';

async function* demoStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'Hello' } as const;
}

streamToNodeCallback(
  demoStream(),
  (err, chunk) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error('Stream error:', err);
      return;
    }
    if (chunk?.type === 'text') process.stdout.write(chunk.text);
    if (chunk === null) console.log('\nStream complete');
  },
);

---

Composing utilities

Most utilities accept and return AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>, so they compose naturally:

import {
  streamFilter,
  streamTee,
  streamToSSE,
  streamToText,
  streamWithBudget,
} from 'confused-ai/models';
import { createServer } from 'node:http';

async function* rawStream() {
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'hello ' } as const;
  yield { type: 'tool_call', id: 'tool-1', name: 'search', argsDelta: '{"q":"world"}' } as const;
  yield { type: 'text', text: 'world' } as const;
}

// Build a processing pipeline:
const [logStream, responseStream] = streamTee(
  streamWithBudget(
    streamFilter(rawStream(), (delta) => delta.type === 'text'),
    { maxTokens: 1000 },
  ),
);

const server = createServer(async (_req, res) => {
  await streamToSSE(responseStream, res, { keepAliveMs: 0 });
});

server.listen(3000);

console.log(await streamToText(logStream));

---

Quick reference

Function	Input	Output	Description
streamToText	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	Promise<string>	Collect all text
streamToChunks	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	Promise<string[]>	Collect text chunks
streamToSSE	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	Promise<void>	Write SSE to a ServerResponse
streamWithBudget	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	Token-budget gate
streamTee	AsyncIterable<StreamChunk>	[AsyncIterable, AsyncIterable]	Duplicate stream
streamMap	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	Transform each delta
streamFilter	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	Drop deltas
streamMerge	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>[]	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	Merge multiple streams
streamToNodeCallback	AsyncIterable<StreamDelta>	void	Node.js callback adapter

---

See also

• Creating Agents — agent.stream() and agent.streamEvents()
• WebSocket Transport — stream over WebSocket
• Observability & OTLP — trace every stream chunk
• Background Queues — process streams asynchronously